Page 49 - 《橡塑技术与装备》英文版2026年1月

SPECIAL AND COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

mechanical properties, as illustrated in Figure 2.

Figure 1 Microphase separation structure of polyurea
elastomer

are commonly used in the preparation of polyurea
elastomers, as studies have found that the better Figure 2 Microscopic schematic diagram of hydrogen
the symmetry of isocyanates, the higher the degree bonding in polyurea elastomers
of microphase separation in the resulting polyurea 1.4 Modification of polyurea elastomers
products, and the better the mechanical properties.
To enhance the low-temperature flexibility,
Symmetric isocyanate monomers are more conducive high-temperature resistance, flame retardancy, and
to the ordered accumulation and crystallization of other properties of polyurea elastomers, they are
hard segments in polyurea elastomers, forming firmly
often modified. Currently, the main modification
bonded hard segment microdomains internally, leading methods for polyurea elastomers include
to a stronger reinforcement effect from fillers. nanomaterial modification, resin modification, and
The isocyanate index is a crucial indicator
other modifications.
t ha t a ffe c t s t h e p h y si c o c he m i c a l pr o p e rt i e s o f 1.4.1 Modification of nanomaterials
polyurea elastomers. By designing the chemical
By introducing nanomaterials into polyurea
ratio of isocyanate to amino-terminated polyether elastomers, the surface active centers of
and amino-terminated polyether to chain extender,
n a no pa r t i c l e s c a n be b ou nd t o u re a b ond s. B y
and adjusting the ratio of soft to hard segments in
adjusting the structure, content, and crosslinking
polyurea, the mechanical properties of polyurea can degree of soft and hard segments to form an
be altered. The ratio of isocyanate component to
aggregated structure, the wear resistance, stain
amino component is typically 1.05 ~ 1.10.
resistance, weather resistance, adhesion, and
1.3.2 The influence of hydrogen bonding mechanical properties of polyurea elastomers can be
Hydrogen bonding is the primary intermolecular effectively improved.
force influencing the internal microphase separation Feng Yonghui utilized core-shell structured
in polyurea, promoting the ordered accumulation and
nano-Ag@SiO 2 materials to modify the prepared
crystallization of hard segments, thereby endowing silicone-based polyurea. Compared to traditional
polyurea elastomers with excellent wear resistance, silicone-based anti-fouling materials, the prepared
strength, and an elevated melting point. The two
PDMS-PUa/Ag@SiO 2 not only exhibits superior
active hydrogens in the urea bond of the polyurea mechanical properties, adhesion, and self-healing
mole cul ar cha in c an form a planar bi furc ated capabilities, but also demonstrates optimal anti-
structure. The double-coordinated hydrogen bonds
protein adsorption and bactericidal effects when the
formed between urea bonds exhibit stronger cohesion nano-silver addition is 0.5% (mass fraction).
in the hard segment microdomains, leading to a Wang Weifeng modified waterborne polyurea
greater degree of microphase separation and superior
using nano-SiO 2 . When the addition of nano-SiO 2
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